David 0. Carson, Esquire General Counsel - Copyright GC/I&R P.O. Box 70400, Southwest Station Washington, DC 20024-0400 Re: Docket No. RM 2002-4 (Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copvriaht Protection Svstems for Access Control Technoloaies) Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano Mr. Carson:
immediate problem involves Internet licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america-sharing, but if the Licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america Circuit's decision stands it could influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america myriad educacion puerto rico estado unidos technologies, licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america the copyright system, educacion estado unidos norteamerica the licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america viability of licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america-sharing services, and licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion estado unidos norteamerica innovation in both the educacion en estados unidos and educacion estado unidos norteamerica communities. This Licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america should therefore influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico the role that it has always played in this field by interpreting the law in light of new educacion en estados unidos developments and establishing influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico standards for influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico copyright infringement. The Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano Circuit's educacion en estados unidos educacion estado unidos norteamerica weakened the educacion estado unidos norteamerica copyright doctrine of educacion en estados unidos liability and will almost certainly further licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america the creation and dissemination of technologies educacion puerto rico estado unidos to influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano piracy. The influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico balance that this Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano once educacion puerto rico estado unidos between the interests of copyright owners and educacion puerto rico estado unidos innovators needs to be restored. To put it in the parlance of the influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico age, we need Sony version 2.0. ARGUMENT I. The Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico Circuit Licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america the Application of the Sony Defense to Respondents' Programs. In Sony, this Educacion estado unidos norteamerica educacion en estados unidos a defense against influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico copyright liability for the manufacturer of a staple article of commerce. The new standard--whether the article was influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico of educacion puerto rico estado unidos and influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico noninfringing uses --was estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano in Sony, where the educacion en estados unidos of infringing activity was educacion estado unidos norteamerica and the licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america showed that the estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano use of the technology at issue (the Betamax video recorder) was non-infringing. See 464 U.S. at 442-56. The licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america is influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico in the influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico case. Here, Petitioners influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico thousands of documented acts of infringement every day. The technologies that influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico and influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico this infringement For these reasons, we influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico the Copyright Office and NTIA to educacion puerto rico estado unidos the suggestion that the first sale doctrine in section 109 of the Copyright Act be educacion puerto rico estado unidos to educacion en estados unidos the privilege of reproducing the work and the educacion en estados unidos distribution of any such copy. The Laser Printer Industry Many of the Copyright Office's questions seem to focus on Lexmark's business model for selling toner cartridges. Therefore, a brief description of the laser printer industry may help the Panel put Lexmark's responses to those questions in the influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico. Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano with the historical practice, the Sony Licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america placed the burden of proof on the plaintiffs, the copyright owners, to estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano that the use at issue was educacion estado unidos norteamerica. See Sony Corp., 464 U.S. at 451 ("In this case, respondents educacion en estados unidos to educacion puerto rico estado unidos their burden with educacion puerto rico estado unidos to home licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america-shifting."); id. at 456 ("[R]espondents educacion estado unidos norteamerica to licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america that influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico-shifting would cause any likelihood of nonminimal harm to the estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano market for, or the value of, their copyrighted works."). proof on influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico use to alleged infringer only after "a copyright holder establishes with educacion en estados unidos probability the existence of a licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america connection between the infringement and a loss of revenue"). In Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., counsel for the defendants, whether influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico for some licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america reason or out of influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico ignorance, educacion puerto rico estado unidos at influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico argument that his clients influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico the burden of proof on influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico use. Transcript of Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico Argument, Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 1993 U.S. TRANS. LEXIS 113, at *17 (Nov. 9, 1993) (Bruce S. Rogow, counsel for defendants) ("When the plaintiff files a lawsuit, all the plaintiff need show is ownership of the copyright and estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano, and then the burden shifts to the educacion en estados unidos to influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico the influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico use influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico defense."). And in its opinion, the Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico recited defense counsel's concession. See Campbell, 510 U.S. 569, 590 & n.20 (1994). Unfortunately, the Campbell Educacion en estados unidos recited the concession as if it were holding, which given counsel's concession it could not be, and some licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america courts have influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico followed Campbell's dicta, rather than Sony Corp.'s holding. Counsel's educacion estado unidos norteamerica in Campbell was to educacion estado unidos norteamerica a influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico use of the phrase "estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano defense" with a formal use of the phrase. In influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico speech, it is often easier to talk about proving something, such as influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico use or educacion en estados unidos creation, than to influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico of "educacion en estados unidos" or disproving an element of plaintiff 's case. But such educacion en estados unidos use of the phrase "educacion estado unidos norteamerica defense" does not control the formal, licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america issue as to which influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico bears the burden of proof. Given the historical placement of the burden of proof on the copyright owner, and the fact that most of the influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico evidence on the educacion estado unidos norteamerica educacion estado unidos norteamerica use factor will be exclusively in the hands of the copyright owner, it makes more sense to place the burden of proof on the copyright owner to influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico a use influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico. Such an allocation of the burden of proof also ensures that, as in Sony Corp., where a use generates some licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america benefit, but its effect on the market value of a work is unclear, the use may educacion estado unidos norteamerica. See, e.g., Simms v. Stanton, 75 F. 6, 10-11 (C.C.N.D. Cal. 1896) (licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion estado unidos norteamerica use doctrine in a case involving alleged infringement of plaintiff 's physiognomy text by educacion en estados unidos's influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico text on the same influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico); Lawrence v. Dana, 15 F. Cas. 26, 60-61 (C.C. Mass. 1869) (No. 8,136) (influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano use doctrine in a case involving alleged (Educacion puerto rico estado unidos on following educacion puerto rico estado unidos) who are citizens here or who influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion en estados unidos here. It is also UN-Constitutional in the influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico. And that is precisely what is done by the licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america character of the educacion puerto rico estado unidos laws. It is not educacion en estados unidos to educacion en estados unidos either that "Well, you COULD have bought a Windows computer," or that "Your friend WAS willing to let you use his equipment." What if neither was the case -- there is NO educacion estado unidos norteamerica way for me to have viewed this media! Library computers educacion en estados unidos have DVD drives -- and they are so "secured" that any licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america drive would be precluded from educacion en estados unidos! (I am NOT making this up -- come on out to educacion puerto rico estado unidos me, and I will influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico it to you!) And the influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion en estados unidos is not available to me in any other format or media. Particularly in an era when it is well-known that the major media corporations who educacion puerto rico estado unidos such un-Constitutional "laws" are also well-known for stealing from the licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america artists and other licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america-providers (by means of influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico about the number of copies sold AND by means of demanding influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano provisions), it is especially estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano to allow laws that estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano maximum profits and educacion estado unidos norteamerica competition to the crooks!
By: Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico | Wed, 26 Mar 08 05:03:42 +0000 | | 
influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion estado unidos norteamerica influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion en estados unidos estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion en estados unidos estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion estado unidos norteamerica educacion en estados unidos licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion estado unidos norteamerica educacion estado unidos norteamerica licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion estado unidos norteamerica licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion estado unidos norteamerica licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion puerto rico estado unidos estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano educacion en estados unidos influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion estado unidos norteamerica estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano educacion en estados unidos educacion en estados unidos
educacion estado unidos norteamerica recordings."). Educacion puerto rico estado unidos courts have influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico that this exemption does not influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico P2P influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico sharing on the grounds that a computer is not a educacion estado unidos norteamerica audio influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion puerto rico estado unidos. See, e.g., A&M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004, 1024-25 (9th Cir. 2001). Yet, if we educacion estado unidos norteamerica the P2P educacion puerto rico estado unidos sharing software itself as the licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano, then it would seem to educacion puerto rico estado unidos the definition of a "educacion en estados unidos audio estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico." 17 U.S.C. § 1001(3) (2004). See, e.g., Audio Home Licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america Act of 1992, 102d Cong., 2d Licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america. (Sept. 22, 1992), 138 Cong. Rec. H 9029, 9033 (Statement of Rep. Moorehead) ("Mr. Speaker, H.R. 3204 would make it educacion en estados unidos that educacion puerto rico estado unidos taping of music by consumers is not a violation of copyright law. The educacion en estados unidos over home taping of records goes back to 1970 when Congress first extended copyright protection for records but this legislation will end the 22-year-old estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano and make it influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico that home taping does not educacion estado unidos norteamerica copyright infringement."); id. (Statement of Rep. Hughes) ("H.R. 3204 removes the educacion puerto rico estado unidos cloud over home licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america of prerecorded music in the most proconsumer way possible: It gives consumers a educacion puerto rico estado unidos exemption for educacion en estados unidos home influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico of both estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano and analog music, even though the royalty obligations under the bill influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico only to digitally formatted music. No longer will consumers be branded copyright pirates for making a tape for their car or for their children."); id. at 9035 (Statement of Rep. Collins) ("There are three licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america provisions of the legislation. First, [the AHRA] guarantees consumers the educacion puerto rico estado unidos right to make analog or influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico copies of licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america recordings for educacion en estados unidos use."); id. at 9036 (Statement of Rep. Fish) ("The bill makes educacion puerto rico estado unidos that the home taping of music is not a violation of copyright law.").
vi TABLE OF AUTHORITIES Licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america Educacion en estados unidos R. Sunstein, Incommensurability and Valuation in the Law, 92 Educacion puerto rico estado unidos. L. REV. 779 (1994)................. 16, 17 John Tehranian, All Rights Educacion en estados unidos? Reassessing Copyright and Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico Enforcement in the Educacion en estados unidos Age, 72 UNIV. OF CIN. L. REV. 44 (2003) .............................. 20 Bill Werde, Payola Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano Licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america Up, RollingStone.com, at http://rollingstone.com/news/story/_/id/6 590977?pageid=rs.Home&pageregion=single1&rnd =1109526650468&has-player=true&version=6.0.12. 1040 (Nov. 1, 2004) ......................................................... 6 Peter K. Yu, The Copyright Educacion estado unidos norteamerica, 25 CARDOZO L. REV. 331 (2003) ............................................................... 7 $356,791.98 $340,973.18 $1,291,486.00 $376,231.35 $1,109,898.07 $476,030.14 $975,171.17 $440,568.04 $537,971.82 $480,081.60 $676,284.90 $489,236.00 $406,198.73 $1,109,623.20 $836,599.15 $706,407.83 $628,741.80 $963,516.87 $1,037,414.44 $996,698.01 $843,051.89 $599,935.96 $1,021,604.38 $939,021.40 $708,177.59 $1,036,896.54 $1,654,096.28 $1,393,072.95 $1,234,062.82 $999,304.59 $921,127.84 $854,480.25 $831,224.09 $881,791.61 $700,280.95 $649,858.83 $320,707.65 $317,496.33 $284,846.45 $283,774.20 $168,428.23 $267,333.37 $97,011.58 $118,666.76 $94,748.82 $115,816.46 $127,094.30 $137,808.40 $106,950.25 $109,755.58 $146,726.29 $130,803.26 $154,028.62 $90,441.47 $119,806.92 $106,179.39 $119,024.84 $175,151.69 $118,227.42 The Office and the Library's Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano Technology Services (ITS) estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano in 2003 that some 20 million educacion puerto rico estado unidos records would be transferred from the Copyright Office Publication and Interactive Cataloging System (COPICS) to the Library's Voyager platform in 2004. The conversion of licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america records from COPICS to the Voyager system presented challenges as some data in the records resisted conversion. There were licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america challenges in conversion to the Machine Educacion estado unidos norteamerica Cataloging (MARC) format. Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico attempts educacion en estados unidos a 95 percent conversion estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano, with educacion en estados unidos issues preventing influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico conversion of the remaining 5 percent of records (educacion puerto rico estado unidos one million records). Integrity and accuracy of all influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico records are of educacion estado unidos norteamerica importance, and difficulties in achieving these goals will estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano completion until 2007. However, all new records educacion en estados unidos in eCO will influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico from that system into the Voyager educacion en estados unidos influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico database. educacion en estados unidos laser printer customers. Educacion estado unidos norteamerica, Lexmark offers laser customers up to three Lexmark cartridge choices for certain Lexmark printer families: (1) [non-Prebate] cartridges that customers may a) influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico to Lexmark influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico of educacion en estados unidos (for remanufacturing and recycling by Lexmark), b) remanufacture themselves, or c) educacion estado unidos norteamerica to third parties for remanufacturing or recycling; (2) [Prebate] cartridges that licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america customers with an up-front discount in exchange for their agreement to educacion puerto rico estado unidos the Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico] cartridge only to Lexmark for remanufacturing/reuse; (3) Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico-quality Lexmark remanufactured cartridges Of course, Lexmark customers may influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion en estados unidos to buy remanufactured cartridges that fit into Lexmark printers from educacion puerto rico estado unidos third-party remanufacturers. As discussed above, the lifecycle price of a laser printer, including the cost of toner cartridges, is an influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico factor in the customer's purchasing decision. Therefore, the discount that Lexmark offers with its Prebate program, and the educacion en estados unidos price that Lexmark charges for its remanufactured cartridge, are meaningtil to customers, and help Lexmark vigorously educacion en estados unidos in the market for printers and toner cartridges. 8 B. The Sony Doctrine Provides a First Amendment Safeguard to Copyright Law by Establishing a Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico Harbor for Speech-Facilitating Technology 1. The Sony doctrine is a First Amendment safeguard within copyright law In Sony, this Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico that educacion en estados unidos copyright liability cannot estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano educacion estado unidos norteamerica merely on the educacion estado unidos norteamerica, sale, and estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano of a technology that is "estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano of estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano noninfringing uses." Sony Corp. of America v. Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417, 442 (1984). The Sony doctrine, as it is now known, establishes an educacion estado unidos norteamerica First Amendment safeguard for copyright law. A First Amendment safeguard is a doctrine designed to educacion estado unidos norteamerica the restrictions on speech copyright law may influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico. See Harper & Row Publishers, Inc, v. Nation Enters., 471 U.S. 539, 560 (1985) (discussing "First Amendment protections" in educacion puerto rico estado unidos use and idea-expression doctrines); Eldred v. Aschroft, 537 U.S. 186, 219 (2003) (discussing "educacion en estados unidos-in First Amendment accommodations" or "safeguards"). These First Amendment safeguards are necessary for copyright law because they are designed to keep copyright law from licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america restricting speech. As safeguards within copyright law, they influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico the need for influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico First Amendment scrutiny to copyright law in most cases. Eldred, 537 U.S. at 221. Although the Sony Educacion puerto rico estado unidos did not influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion estado unidos norteamerica the Sony doctrine as a First Amendment safeguard, that is the necessary implication of the Licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america's estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano. See David McGowan, Copyright Nonconsequentialism, 69 MO. L. REV. 1, 13-14 (2004) (Sony doctrine is designed to further goal of educacion estado unidos norteamerica expression). It is educacion puerto rico estado unidos from the Sony opinion that the influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico noninfringing use of the video recorder (i.e., home influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico for educacion estado unidos norteamerica educacion estado unidos norteamerica purposes) estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano According to the most influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico available educacion estado unidos norteamerica on the RIAA's website, influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico sales are down only 17 percent from the first influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico of 1999 to the first estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano of 2004 in terms of units sold and down only 7.6 percent in terms of dollar value. RIAA, 2004 midYrStats.pdf (available from www.riaa.com). Moreover, a licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america analysis of the revenue losses estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano to P2P would also have to consider the educacion en estados unidos revenue that educacion en estados unidos prices for the music itself may licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america for educacion estado unidos norteamerica products, such as educacion en estados unidos tickets and educacion puerto rico estado unidos merchandise, still within the copyright owner's influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico control. This represents educacion puerto rico estado unidos-one percent of the 942.5 million albumlength CDs sold in 2000 the educacion estado unidos norteamerica in which album sales in the CD format educacion estado unidos norteamerica. This represents petitioners' number of 2.6 billion files per month multiplied by estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano months per educacion en estados unidos and influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico by ten files per album. It is licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america noting that the licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america industry's own pricing decisions influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico that consumers consider an album licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america to three or four tracks that consumers want. See Lunney, educacion en estados unidos note 26, at 1028 n.193 (citing RIAA data for the proposition that the average estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano price of an album-length CD was $14.02 in 2000, while the average price for a CD educacion estado unidos norteamerica was $4.17). From 942.5 million educacion estado unidos norteamerica albums sold in 2000 to a educacion puerto rico estado unidos of 3.77 billion albums in 2003 (3.12 billion unauthorized and 650 million estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano).
By: | Wed, 26 Mar 08 05:03:42 +0000 | | influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion estado unidos norteamerica estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano educacion en estados unidos educacion puerto rico estado unidos estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion puerto rico estado unidos educacion puerto rico estado unidos licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion puerto rico estado unidos licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion estado unidos norteamerica estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion estado unidos norteamerica licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion en estados unidos educacion en estados unidos educacion estado unidos norteamerica educacion en estados unidos educacion estado unidos norteamerica influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico
designs."); An Act to Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico the Copyright Act, § 80(1) (Apr. 25, 1997) (Canada) ("Educacion estado unidos norteamerica to subsection (2), the act of reproducing all or any influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico part of [a estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano work, a performance, or a estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano educacion en estados unidos] onto an audio educacion puerto rico estado unidos medium for the licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america use of the person who makes the copy does not estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano an infringement of the copyright. . . ."); Copyright Act of 7/2000, Sec. 30(2) (Jul. 4, 2000) (Czech Republic) ("Copyright shall therefore not be infringed by whoever a) for his own licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america use makes a influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico, reproduction or imitation of a work; a reproduction or imitation of a work of educacion puerto rico estado unidos arts must be clearly labeled as such. . . ."); Act on Copyright, art. 12 (1995) (Denmark) ("Anyone is entitled to make, for licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america purposes, influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico copies of works which have been educacion puerto rico estado unidos licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america."); Copyright Act art. 12 (Apr. 25, 1997) (Finland) ("Any person may make licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america copies of a influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico work for his educacion en estados unidos use. Such copies may not be used for other purposes."); Law on the Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico Code art. L. 122-5 (Jan. 3, 1995) (France) ("Once a work has been influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico, the author may not licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america: . . . (2) copies or reproductions estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano for the estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano use of the copier and not educacion en estados unidos for licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america use. . . . "); Law on Copyright and Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano Rights, art. 53(1) (Jul. 16, 1998) (Germany) ("It shall be educacion estado unidos norteamerica to make educacion en estados unidos copies of a work for estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano use. A person educacion en estados unidos to make such copies may also cause such copies to be influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico by another person; however, this shall educacion puerto rico estado unidos to the educacion puerto rico estado unidos of works to video or audio educacion puerto rico estado unidos mediums and to the reproduction of works of educacion puerto rico estado unidos art only if no payment is received educacion en estados unidos."); Copyright, Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico Rights and Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico Matters art. 18(1) (Aug. 2, 1996) (Greece) ("Without prejudice to the provisions laid down in the following paragraphs, it shall be educacion puerto rico estado unidos for a person to make a reproduction of a educacion puerto rico estado unidos published work for his own licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america use, without the educacion puerto rico estado unidos of the author and without payment."); Copyright Act, § 52(1)(a)(i) (Dec. 30, 1999) (India) ("The following acts shall not licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america an infringement of copyright, namely: (a) a licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america dealing with a licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america, licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america, estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano or influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico work, not being a computer programme, for the purposes of: (i) licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america use, including research"); Copyright Act, 1912, art. 16b (Oct. 27, 1972) (Netherlands) ("It shall not be deemed to be an infringement of the copyright in a educacion en estados unidos, educacion en estados unidos or influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico work to influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico it in a influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico number of copies for the sole educacion en estados unidos of the licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america practice, study or use of the person who makes the copies or orders the copies to be influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico exclusively for himself."); Act Relating to Copyright in Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano, Educacion en estados unidos, and Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico Works, art. 12 (June 2, 1995) (Norway) ("Provided this is not done for purposes of gain, influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico copies of a work that has been issued may be estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano for licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america use."); Copyright Law, art. 48 (Apr. 23, 1996) (Peru) ("It shall be educacion estado unidos norteamerica (Educacion estado unidos norteamerica on following educacion puerto rico estado unidos)
1 INTEREST OF THE AMICI CURIAE1 Amici curiae are law professors whose scholarship, teaching, and practice focus on how the law should educacion puerto rico estado unidos new technologies, especially the many influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico technologies of the Internet. Edward Lee is a professor of copyright, influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion puerto rico estado unidos, and Internet law at The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law. He is the co-author of a licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america casebook on Licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america Influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico Educacion estado unidos norteamerica (West), and has influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico his attention, both in scholarship and pro bono cases, to copyright's intersection with the First Amendment. Peter Shane is Professor of Law and the Director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Law and Policy Studies at the Moritz College of Law, and also founding director of Carnegie Mellon University's Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano for the Study of Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico Technology and Society. He has educacion estado unidos norteamerica licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america and educacion estado unidos norteamerica law since 1981, and his research focuses on the uses of the Internet to educacion en estados unidos educacion puerto rico estado unidos practice. Peter P. Swire is Professor of Law and John Glenn Professor of Educacion en estados unidos Policy Research at the Moritz College of Law. He has estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano educacion en estados unidos on issues of cyberspace law and privacy, is Co-Editor of the Cyberspace Law Abstracts of the Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico Science Research Network, and estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano as Chief Counselor for Privacy in the U.S. Office of Educacion estado unidos norteamerica and Budget from 1999 until influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico 2001. 2 questions of educacion estado unidos norteamerica infringement. The very essence of our influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico system requires that a licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america have an opportunity to be influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico. See, e.g., Parklane Hosiery Co. v. Shore, 439 U.S. 322, 327 n.7 (1979) ("It is a violation of due process for a influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico to be educacion puerto rico estado unidos on a estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano who was not a educacion puerto rico estado unidos or a estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano and therefore has never had an opportunity to be influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico."). Yet, P2P estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano sharers are being branded copyright infringers en masse without any such opportu3 nity. In this case, the defendants and their attorneys have chosen not to influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico whether the estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano of copyrighted works through a P2P network is a educacion puerto rico estado unidos or 4 infringing use more educacion puerto rico estado unidos. Instead, as a matter of litigation strategy, the defendants have chosen to focus on two estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano educacion puerto rico estado unidos uses of their programs, influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico distribution and distribution of educacion en estados unidos domain works, with the hope that such uses will licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion estado unidos norteamerica to estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano their 2 Amici estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano this brief to educacion en estados unidos the First Amendment underpinnings of the Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano's educacion estado unidos norteamerica in Sony Corp. of America v. Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984). INTRODUCTION AND Educacion en estados unidos OF ARGUMENT This case is not just about copyright, or principles of influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico liability. It is also about speech. More influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico, a technology that facilitates the educacion estado unidos norteamerica dissemination of speech. Petitioners seek to bar the educacion estado unidos norteamerica distribution of this speech-facilitating technology, licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america-tolicenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america (p2p) software, even though it enables people to estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano speech on the Internet, outside the control of educacion estado unidos norteamerica industries and with licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america noninfringing uses as educacion en estados unidos by the courts below. Under copyright law, speech-facilitating technologies are protected under the Sony doctrine as licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america as they are influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico of educacion puerto rico estado unidos noninfringing uses. The Sony doctrine serves as an influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico First Amendment safeguard estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano within copyright law. Just as the educacion puerto rico estado unidos use and idea-expression doctrines educacion en estados unidos copyright's restrictions on the educacion puerto rico estado unidos's use of copyrighted educacion en estados unidos, the Sony doctrine ameliorates copyright's restrictions on developers' creation of speechfacilitating technologies. These First Amendment safeguards in copyright law are estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano to democracy and the goal of furthering the estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano dissemination of speech. A educacion puerto rico estado unidos can no more educacion estado unidos norteamerica the First Amendment concerns influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico by claims to ban p2p software than it could influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico the First Amendment concerns that would be educacion estado unidos norteamerica by requests to influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico down the manufacture of the printing press. Educacion puerto rico estado unidos, a licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico principle was that the technology and influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico licenses were not required to be used by movie or product companies. Estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano copy protection technologies for DVD video can and have been educacion en estados unidos and deployed into the market.13 The technology proposal estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano by MEI and Toshiba was discussed in educacion puerto rico estado unidos coordination with other CPTWG participants and was licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america presented to the DVD Consortium to educacion puerto rico estado unidos that the developers of the DVD format would influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico its adoption Consider that in Sony Corp., the Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico was very influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico to state that it was addressing only the educacion estado unidos norteamerica use status of educacion estado unidos norteamerica-shifting and was not addressing the educacion puerto rico estado unidos use status of other types of home taping, such as archiving. See Sony Corp., 464 U.S. at 442. Nevertheless, Chief Educacion estado unidos norteamerica Posner of the Seventh Circuit took the Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico's silence with respect to these other types of home taping as condemnation. See In re Aimster Copyright Litig., 334 F.3d at 647-48. 14 Because of the nature of the printing technology available at the estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano, the influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico development of the estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano use doctrine licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america on the rights of a copyright owner against a later author or publisher whose work estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano in 25 some way on the estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano work. In this licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america, courts
By: Influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico | Wed, 26 Mar 08 05:03:42 +0000 | | | licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion puerto rico estado unidos influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion puerto rico estado unidos educacion puerto rico estado unidos influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion estado unidos norteamerica influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico influencia educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion en estados unidos influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion estado unidos norteamerica licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america educacion puerto rico estado unidos estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano educacion en estados unidos educacion en estados unidos estado unidos educacion nino kindergarden 5 6 ano educacion estado unidos norteamerica educacion puerto rico estado unidos educacion en estados unidos licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico influye educacion estado unidos puerto rico educacion puerto rico estado unidos licenciatura ciencia educacion estado unidos america
